Sea surface emissivity observations at L-band: first results of the Wind and Salinity Experiment WISE 2000

Sea surface salinity can be measured by passive microwave remote sensing at L-band. In May 1999, the European Space Agency (ESA) selected the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Earth Explorer Opportunity Mission to provide global coverage of soil moisture and ocean salinity. To determine the effect of wind on the sea surface emissivity, ESA sponsored the Wind and Salinity Experiment (WISE 2000). This paper describes the field campaign, the measurements acquired with emphasis in the radiometric measurements at L-band, their comparison with numerical models, and the implications for the remote sensing of sea salinity.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Un marco teórico variacional para la corrección perceptual del color en imágenes digitales

Las técnicas variacionales constituyen una herramienta muy útil para entender las características de las imágenes y crear algoritmos nuevos y eficientes. Recientemente, se ha propuesto un marco teórico variacional que incorpora las características básicas de la visión humana y que puede abarcar varios modelos conocidos en la literatura. Aquí discutimos los aspectos más relevantes de este marco teórico y presentamos unos ejemplos notables

A short study of the anisotropic resistance in carbon fibre composites

Appendix added September 1978Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:2265.63F(BR--100258) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

L-Band sea surface emissivity: preliminary results of the WISE-2000 campaign and its application to salinity retrieval in the SMOS mission

Soil moisture and ocean salinity at surface level can be measured by passive microwave remote sensing at L-band. To provide global coverage data of soil moisture and ocean salinity with three-day revisit time, the Earth Explorer Opportunity Mission SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) was selected by ESA (European Space Agency) in May 1999. SMOS' single payload is a Y-shaped 2-D aperture synthesis interferometric radiometer called MIRAS (Microwave Imaging Radiometer by Aperture Synthesis). SMOS presents some particular imaging peculiarities: variation of incidence and azimuth angles, different radiometric sensitivity and accuracy at each direction (pixels), and geometric polarization mixing. Therefore, the accuracy of the geophysical parameter retrieval depends on the knowledge of the angular dependence of the emissivity over a wide range of incidence and azimuth angles. The accuracy of the sea surface salinity retrievals depends on our capability to correct the wind-induced variation of the brightness temperatures. To better understand wind effects, ESA sponsored the WInd and Salinity Experiment 2000 (WISE-2000) from November 15, 2000, to January 16, 2001, in the Casablanca oil rig, at 40 km off the coast of Tarragona (Spain). This paper is divided into two parts. First, it presents the derived sensitivities of the brightness temperatures at vertical and horizontal polarizations with wind speed, and compares to Hollinger's measurements and numerical simulations. Second, these results are applied to the SMOS sea surface salinity (SSS) retrieval problem for different tracks within the swath. It is shown that, except for low SSS and sea surface temperature (SST), the retrieved SSS has a RMS error of approximately 1 psu in one satellite pass.Peer Reviewe

Sea surface emissivity observations at L-band: first results of the Wind and Salinity Experiment WISE 2000

Sea surface salinity can be measured by passive microwave remote sensing at L-band. In May 1999, the European Space Agency (ESA) selected the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Earth Explorer Opportunity Mission to provide global coverage of soil moisture and ocean salinity. To determine the effect of wind on the sea surface emissivity, ESA sponsored the Wind and Salinity Experiment (WISE 2000). This paper describes the field campaign, the measurements acquired with emphasis in the radiometric measurements at L-band, their comparison with numerical models, and the implications for the remote sensing of sea salinity.Peer Reviewe